Standard properties
7 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Fifteen studied dietary sources of calcium (n=810 calcium, n=723 controls),16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 and 51 studied calcium supplements (n=6547 calcium, n=5710 controls).7 12 13 14 15 17 19 20 21 22 26 28 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Table 1 ? shows study design and selected baseline characteristics for included studies of dietary calcium. Tables 2 and 3 show the study design and selected baseline characteristics for trials of calcium supplements, without and with additional vitamin D, respectively. ? ? Further details are in tables A-C in appendix 2. Of the 15 randomised controlled trials of dietary sources of calcium, 10 used milk or milk powder, two used dairy products, and three used hydroxyapatite preparations. Of the 51 trials of calcium supplements, 36 studied calcium monotherapy, 13 co-administered CaD, and two were multi-arm studies of both. Table 4 summarises other features of the trials ? . Most of je furfling zdarma them studied calcium without vitamin D in women aged <70 living in the community; the mean baseline dietary calcium intake was <800 mg/day; and most trials lasted ?2 years. A calcium dose of >500 mg/day was used in most trials, but a higher proportion of trials of calcium supplements used a dose of ?1000 mg/day. Table C in appendix 2 shows our assessment of risk of bias. Of the 15 trials of dietary sources of calcium, we assessed two as low risk of bias, six as moderate risk, and seven as high risk. Of the 51 trials of calcium supplements, we assessed 19 as low risk of bias, 12 as moderate risk, and 20 as high risk.
Form of randomised controlled samples and chosen baseline features regarding qualified trials away from calcium that also used nutritional D medicine
Top analyses
Table 5 ? summarises the outcomes of your meta-analyses. Expanding calcium intake regarding weight reduction supply improved BMD because of the 0.6-1.0% at the complete stylish and you will total human body from the 1 year and you can by the 0.7-1.8% within those sites additionally the lumbar spine and you can femoral shoulder at a couple of years (figs 1 and you may 2 ? ? . Discover zero affect BMD within forearm.
Fig step one Random consequences meta-studies off effectation of slimming down resources of calcium supplements to the payment changes inside the limbs nutrient occurrence (BMD) off standard from the 12 months
Fig 2 Arbitrary effects meta-studies out of effect of weightloss types of calcium towards fee transform during the bones nutrient density (BMD) out-of baseline during the two years
As soon as we limited the brand new analyses toward a dozen randomised regulated examples off dairy otherwise dairy foods, by excluding around three trials out of hydroxyapatite, there was absolutely nothing improvement in the outcomes. Calcium increased BMD anyway five skeletal internet sites because of the 0.7-step one.4% at the one year (figs step three and cuatro ? ? ), because of the 0.8-step one.5% during the 24 months (figs 5 and you can six ? ? ), and also by 0.8-1.8% within over two-and-a-half many years (fig 7 ? ) (variety of lifetime of samples is actually less than six many years).
